Harvard referencing guide for academic writing

From BU's student online learning resource pages. Probably won't have access to after graduation, but might need in future, so copying here:

An auto-ref-generator site: http://www.neilstoolbox.com/bibliography-creator/index.htm

Main Page: http://www.bournemouth.ac.uk/library
Reference Page: http://www.bournemouth.ac.uk/library/how-to/citing-refs-harvard.html

 

Print book with one author
Print book with two authors
Print book with three or more authors
Contribution in an edited print book e.g. a chapter
E-Book
Print conference paper
Article in an online journal
Article in a print journal
Article in a print newspaper
Moving images accessed online e.g. YouTube video
Webpage
Print thesis
Print patent
Video, film or broadcast
Programmes and series
Print report from a corporate author

Print book with one author

Citing in text

e.g. In a popular study Woods (1999) argued that we have to teach good practices...
e.g. As Woods (1999, p.21) said, "good practices must be taught" and so we...
e.g. Theory rises out of practice, and once validated, returns to direct or explain the practice (Woods 1999).

Reference at the end of work

Author’s Surname, INITIALS., Year of publication. Title. Edition (if not the first edition). Place of publication: Publisher.
Woods, P., 1999. Successful writing for qualitative researchers. London: Routledge.
In this example, you need to look on the back of the title page to find the date.
If the book is edited, for example if Peter Woods had edited this book, then the reference would read Woods, P., ed. 1999. The use of 'ed' or 'eds' (for more than one) is used to represent the word 'editor'.

Print book with two authors

Citing in text

e.g. Brewerton and Millward (2001) have proposed that...
e.g. According to Brewerton and Millward (2001, p.10) "organization is the key to good research",
e.g. Organization is very important for producing good research (Brewerton and Millward 2001).

Reference at the end of work

Author's Surname, INITIALS. and Author's Surname, INITIALS., Year of publication. Title. Edition (if not the first edition). Place of publication: Publisher.
Brewerton, P. and Millward, L., 2001. Organizational research methods: a guide for students and researchers. London: Sage.
In this example, you will need to look on the back of the title page to find the date.

Print book with three or more authors

Citing in text

If there are more than two authors the surname of the only first author should be given, followed by et al.
e.g. Administration costs amount to 20% of total costs in most projects (McNiff et al.1996)
e.g. McNiff et al. (1996, p.12) suggest that "adminstration costs amount to 20% of total costs in most projects".

Reference at the end of work

All of the author's names should be listed in the references at the end of your work in the same order stated on the title page. Insert 'and' before the last named author.
1st Author's Surname, INITIALS., 2nd Author's Surname, INITIALS. and last Author's Surname, INITIALS., Year of publication. Title. Edition (if not the first edition). Place of publication: Publisher.
McNiff, J., Lomax, P. and Whitehead, J., 1996. You and your action research project. London: Routledge Falmer.

Contribution in an edited print book e.g. a chapter

Citing in text

If you refer to a contributor in a source you cite just the contributor:
e.g. Crete is the largest Greek island and the the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean (Briassoulis 2004)…
e.g. According to Briassoulis, in Crete since the 1960s, "tourism has become a leading economic sector" (2004, p.48).

Reference at the end of work

Contributing author's Surname, INITIALS., Year of publication. Title of contribution. Followed by In: Surname, INITIALS., of author [or editor of publication followed by ed. or eds. if appropriate]. Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher, Page number(s) of contribution.
Briassoulis, H., 2004. Crete: endowed by nature, privileged by geography, threatened by tourism? In: Bramwell, B., ed. Coastal mass tourism: diversification and sustainable development in Southern Europe. Clevedon: Channel View, 48-67. If there are more than one contributing authors who wrote the chapter, you must list all in the reference list at the end of your work e.g. Briassoulis, H. and Smith, T., 2010.

E-Book

Citing in text

e.g. A book titled Festival and Events Management (Yeoman et al. 2004) suggests...
e.g. According to Yeoman et al. "An event location differs from an event venue" (2004, p.20).

Reference at the end of work

Author's Surname, INITIALS., Year of publication. Title. Edition (if not the first edition). Place of publication: Publisher. Available from: core URL [Accessed Date].
Yeoman, I., Robertson, M., Ali-Knight, J. Drummond, S. and McMahon-Beattie, U., eds. 2004. Festival and events management: an international arts and culture perspective. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. Available from: http://lib.myilibrary.com [Accessed 18 Jan 2010].
The use of 'ed' or 'eds' (for more than one) is used to represent the word 'editor'.

Print conference paper

Citing in text

If you refer to a paper taken from a collection of conference papers (proceedings) you cite the contributor:
e.g. As Granger (1994) states hackers are...
e.g. The 'hacker ethic' is "a belief that essentially all information should be open and available to anyone" (Granger 1994, p.7).

Reference at the end of work

Contributing author's Surname, INITIALS., Year of publication. Title of contribution. Followed by In: Surname, Initials., of editor of proceedings (if applicable) followed by ed. Title of conference proceedings including date and place of conference. Place of publication: Publisher, Page numbers of contribution.
Granger, S., 1994. The hacker ethic. In: Kizza, J.M., ed. Ethics in the Computer Age, 11-13 November 1994 Tennessee. New York: ACM Press, 7-9.
If there are more than one contributing authors who wrote the paper, you must list all in the reference list at the end of your work e.g. Granger, S. and Smith, T., 2000.

Article in an online journal

Citing in text

e.g. Kennedy (2009) suggests…
e.g. According to Kennedy's interpretation of research conducted by Bonwell and Eison in 1991, "students learn more effectively by actively analyzing, discussing and applying content in meaningful ways, rather than by passively absorbing information" (Kennedy 2009, p.225).

Reference at the end of work

Author's Surname, INITIALS., Year of publication. Title of article. Title of journal, Volume number and (part number), Page numbers of contribution. Available from: core URL [Accessed date].
Kennedy, R.R., 2009. The power of in-class debates. Active learning in higher education, 10 (3), 225-236. Available from: http://alh.sagepub.com [Accessed 12 December 2011].
Note that the core URL is not hyperlinked and the accessed date is inserted in square brackets.
If there are multiple authors, you must list all in the reference list at the end of your work e.g. Kennedy, R.R. and Smith, T., 2010.

Article in a print journal

Citing in text

e.g. Kennedy (2009) suggests…
e.g. According to Kennedy's interpretation of research conducted by Bonwell and Eison in 1991, "Students learn more effectively by actively analyzing, discussing and applying content in meaningful ways, rather than by passively absorbing information" (Kennedy 2009, p.225).

Reference at the end of work

Author's Surname, INITIALS., Year of publication. Title of article. Title of journal, Volume number and (part number), Page numbers of contribution.
Kennedy, R.R., 2009. The power of in-class debates. Active learning in higher education, 10 (3), 225-236.
If there are multiple authors, you must list all in the reference list at the end of your work e.g. Kennedy, R.R. and Smith, T., 2010.
If you have accessed the online version of this article, you can treat it like the printed version using the guidance above, or, please refer to the quick guide titled 'Article in an online journal'.

Article in a print newspaper

Citing in text

e.g. In the Daily Telegraph, Aldrick (2011), discusses the CBI distributive trades survey which covers the first two weeks of December.
e.g. According to a 2011 newspaper article, Asda's chief financial officer stated retailers "don't expect sales to continue to grow into January" (Aldrick 2011, p.3).
If the article does not have a reporter's name, use the name of the paper.

Reference at the end of work

Author's Surname, INITIALS., (or Newspaper Title), Year of publication. Title of article. Title of newspaper, Day and month, Page number/s, column number (optional, relevant to Media School).
Aldrick, P., 2011. Christmas cheer for high street amid recession warning. The Daily Telegraph, 21 December, 3.
If you have accessed the online version of this article, you can treat it like the printed version using the guidance above, or, please refer to the quick guide titled 'Article in an online newspaper or trade magazine'.

Moving images accessed online e.g. YouTube video

Citing in text

e.g. Bournemouth University Library has created an online video (Bournemouth University 2012) to explain their services.

Reference at the end of work

Use originator/author if ascertainable otherwise use title.

Originator, Year. Title. Media format. Place of publication or production (if ascertainable): Publisher or Producer (if ascertainable). Available from: URL [Accessed Date].
Bournemouth University, 2012. Intro to BU Library. Video. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EjC6q8w9ip0 [Accessed 20 August 2012].

Webpage

Citing in text

If no author or reporter's name is given (as in this case), then the author is the name of the organisation/company that has created the web page. In this case it is BBC News Dorset:
e.g. The surf reef in Boscombe is a thriving natural habitat, attracting over one hundred species (BBC News Dorset 2011).
When quoting directly from a web page you cannot put a page number:
e.g. BBC News Dorset (2011) reported that the Boscombe surf reef "was created to enhance waves using 55 giant sand-filled bags".

Reference at the end of work

Author's Surname, INITIALS., (or organisation name), Year. Title. Place of publication, Publisher (if ascertainable). Available from: URL [Accessed Date].
BBC News Dorset, 2011. Boscombe surf reef attracts '100 species'. BBC News. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-dorset-15410048 [Accessed 22 December 2011].

Print patent

Citing in text

e.g. New research on ring pulls (Mavin and Stevenson 2007) indicates... Reference at the end of work
Originator/s., (name of applicant/s), Year of publication. Title of patent. Series number and designation which may include full date.
Mavin, G. and Stevenson, T., (Portola Packaging Limited), 2007. Container closure in combination with a ring pull insert. UK patent application 2428669 A. 2007-02-07.

Video, film or broadcast

Citing in text

e.g. The Matrix (1999) is a science fiction film; the first of a movie trilogy packed with action and special effects…

Reference at the end of work

Title, Year. (For films the preferred date is the year of release in the country of production.) Media format. Subsidiary originator. (Optional but director is preferred). Production details - place: organization.
The Matrix, 1999. Film. Directed by Andy Wachowski and Lana Wachowski. USA: Warner Bros.

Programmes and series

Citing in text

e.g. Jim Hacker (Yes, Prime Minister 1986) proposed a plan...

Reference at the end of work

The number and title of the episode should normally be given, as well as the series title, the transmitting organisation and channel, the full date and time of transmission.
e.g. Yes, Prime Minister, Episode 1, The Ministerial Broadcast, 1986. TV, BBC2. 1986 Jan 16. 1800 hrs.

Contributions

Individual items within a programme should be cited as contributions

Citing in text

e.g. The Cabinet's views on the Iraq War (Tony Blair 2003)...

Reference at the end of work

Individual items within a programme should be cited as contributors. e.g. Blair, Tony, 2003. Interview. In: Blair on Iraq: A Newsnight Special. TV, BBC2. 6 February 2003. 20:00.

Print report from a corporate author

Citing in text

e.g. According to the Higher Education Statistics Agency (2003) arts graduates...
e.g. Marketing graduates are in high demand (Higher Education Statistics Agency 2003)...

Reference at the end of work

The information needed to build a reference can be found on the front cover, title page and back cover of the report.
Author, Year of publication. Title of report. Place of publication: Publisher, Report Number (where relevant).
Higher Education Statistics Agency, 2003. First destinations of students leaving higher education institutions, 2001/02. Cheltenham: Higher Education Statistics Agency.